Comprehensive Cellular Architecture of Human Blood for Systems Biology, Blood Engineering, Regenerative Hematology, and Precision Blood Medicine

Program Code: HEMOREGEN-BLD-001

Division: HEMOREGEN-BLD-100

Parent Program: HEMOREGEN-BLD-000

Classification: Foundational Blood Cellular Systems Atlas

Status: Master Reference Atlas v1.0

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Universal Blood Cell Atlas establishes the complete cellular architecture of human blood within the SCF Universal Blood Engineering Program.

Within PROJECT HEMOREGEN-721, blood cells are conceptualized as specialized biological processors operating within an integrated communication, transport, defense, repair, and regeneration network.

This atlas provides:

• Blood-cell taxonomy
• Cellular lineage architecture
• Functional systems hierarchy
• Cell-to-cell communication maps
• Regenerative pathways
• Blood fault architecture
• Blood engineering targets

This document serves as the foundational cellular layer for all subsequent HEMOREGEN-BLD programs.

SECTION I — BLOOD CELL SYSTEM HIERARCHY

Tier I — Hematopoietic Origin Layer

Master Source:

Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC)

Function:

Universal progenitor of blood.

Capabilities:

• Self-renewal
• Differentiation
• Regeneration
• Blood-system maintenance

Tier II — Progenitor Layer

Common Myeloid Progenitor (CMP)

Generates:

• Erythrocytes
• Megakaryocytes
• Granulocytes
• Monocytes

Common Lymphoid Progenitor (CLP)

Generates:

• T Cells
• B Cells
• NK Cells
• Innate lymphoid populations

Tier III — Functional Blood Cell Layer

Oxygen Delivery System

• Erythrocytes

Hemostasis System

• Platelets

Innate Immunity System

• Neutrophils
• Monocytes
• Macrophages
• Dendritic cells
• Eosinophils
• Basophils

Adaptive Immunity System

• T Cells
• B Cells

Cytotoxic Defense System

• NK Cells
• Cytotoxic T Cells

Regulatory System

• Treg Cells

SECTION II — HEMATOPOIETIC LINEAGE ATLAS

Master Blood Lineage Tree

SECTION III — ERYTHROCYTE ATLAS

Cell Classification

System:

Oxygen Transport Network

Core Functions

Function A

Oxygen delivery

Function B

Carbon dioxide transport

Function C

Nitric oxide modulation

Function D

Microcirculatory regulation

Communication Functions

RBC-Derived EVs

Cargo:

• miRNAs
• Hemoglobin fragments
• Metabolic regulators

Functions:

• Vascular communication
• Hypoxia reporting

Engineering Targets

• Oxygen carrying capacity
• Longevity
• Storage resilience
• Synthetic RBC systems

SECTION IV — PLATELET ATLAS

Cell Classification

System:

Hemostatic Communication Network

Core Functions

Hemostasis

Clot formation.

Repair Signaling

Wound detection.

Regenerative Communication

Growth factor delivery.

Major Cargo

• VEGF
• PDGF
• TGFβ
• Platelet EVs

Engineering Targets

• Programmable hemostasis
• Regenerative platelets
• Synthetic platelet systems

SECTION V — INNATE IMMUNITY ATLAS

Neutrophils

Function:

Rapid threat neutralization.

Core Activities

• Phagocytosis
• NET formation
• Early inflammatory signaling

Monocytes

Function:

Mobile surveillance.

Core Activities

• Tissue migration
• Cytokine production
• APC generation

Macrophages

Function:

Tissue defense and repair.

Phenotypes

Dendritic Cells

Function:

Immune intelligence.

Role:

Bridge innate and adaptive immunity.

Eosinophils

Functions:

• Parasite defense
• Tissue remodeling

Basophils

Functions:

• Histamine release
• Allergy amplification

SECTION VI — ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY ATLAS

CD4 T Cells

Function:

Immune coordination.

Subtypes:

• Th1
• Th2
• Th17
• Tfh

CD8 T Cells

Function:

Target-cell elimination.

Regulatory T Cells

Function:

Tolerance enforcement.

B Cells

Function:

Humoral immunity.

Plasma Cells

Function:

Antibody production.

SECTION VII — CYTOTOXIC SURVEILLANCE ATLAS

Natural Killer Cells

Function:

Innate cytotoxicity.

Recognition Systems

• Missing-self recognition
• Stress-ligand detection

Major Effector Cargo

• Granzyme B
• TRAIL
• IFN-associated molecules

Cytotoxic T Cells

Function:

Antigen-specific elimination.

Major Effector Cargo

• Granzyme B
• FasL
• Perforin-associated proteins

SECTION VIII — REGULATORY BLOOD NETWORK

Treg Cells

Functions:

• Tolerance induction
• Inflammation control

Regulatory B Cells

Functions:

• IL-10 production
• Immune regulation

Suppressive Myeloid Cells

Functions:

• Immune restraint
• Tissue protection

SECTION IX — BLOOD CELL COMMUNICATION NETWORK

Communication Layer 1

Direct Cell Contact

Examples:

• APC ↔ T Cell
• NK ↔ Target Cell

Communication Layer 2

Cytokine Communication

Examples:

• IL-2
• IL-10
• TNFα

Communication Layer 3

Extracellular Vesicle Communication

Examples:

• APC-EVs
• Treg-EVs
• NK-EVs
• Platelet EVs

Communication Layer 4

Systemic Blood Connectome

Examples:

• Organ-to-organ signaling
• Regenerative signaling
• Immune coordination

SECTION X — BLOOD CELL FAULT ARCHITECTURE

BF-1

Erythrocyte Failure

Consequences:

• Oxygen transport dysfunction

BF-2

Platelet Failure

Consequences:

• Hemostatic instability

BF-3

Innate Immune Failure

Consequences:

• Infection susceptibility

BF-4

Adaptive Immune Failure

Consequences:

• Poor immune memory

BF-5

Tolerance Failure

Consequences:

• Autoimmunity

BF-6

Regenerative Failure

Consequences:

• Hematopoietic collapse

BF-7

Communication Failure

Consequences:

• System-wide dysregulation

SECTION XI — BLOOD CELL ENGINEERING TARGETS

Engineering Class A

Erythrocyte Engineering

Objectives:

• Enhanced oxygen transport
• Storage optimization

Engineering Class B

Platelet Engineering

Objectives:

• Controlled hemostasis
• Regenerative delivery

Engineering Class C

Immune Cell Engineering

Objectives:

• Enhanced surveillance
• Precision immunity

Engineering Class D

Regulatory Cell Engineering

Objectives:

• Tolerance restoration
• Autoimmunity control

Engineering Class E

Stem Cell Engineering

Objectives:

• Hematopoietic regeneration
• Blood reconstruction

SECTION XII — UNIVERSAL BLOOD CELL INDEX (UBCI)

Total:

0–100

SECTION XIII — HEMOREGEN BLOOD ENGINEERING ROADMAP

BLD-H1

Complete Cellular Characterization

BLD-H2

Single-Cell Multi-Omic Mapping

BLD-H3

Communication Network Reconstruction

BLD-H4

Engineering Target Validation

BLD-H5

Clinical Translation

NEXT DELIVERABLE

HEMOREGEN-BLD-002 — Universal Blood EV Atlas

Will establish:

• Complete blood EV taxonomy
• Blood EV lineage mapping
• Cell-specific EV signatures
• Blood EV cargo architecture
• Blood EV communication networks
• Blood EV engineering targets

MASTER REGISTRY INDEX

HEMOREGEN-BLD-001 — Universal Blood Cell Atlas

HEMOREGEN-BLD-100 — Blood Cell Engineering Division

HEMOREGEN-BLD-000 — SCF Universal Blood Engineering Program

HEMOREGEN-BLD-002 — Universal Blood EV Atlas

SCF-BLD-CELL-0001 — Blood Cellular Systems Atlas

SCF-BLD-LINEAGE-0001 — Hematopoietic Lineage Architecture

SCF-BLD-IMMUNO-0001 — Blood Immune Systems Framework

SCF-BLD-REGEN-0001 — Blood Regeneration Architecture

HEMOREGEN-721-PROG-0001 — Project HEMOREGEN-721 Master Program